Conservation status:
Not Threatened.
Behaviour:
Phylogeny:
Taxonomy:
- Hirundo esculenta Linnaeus, 1758, China; error = Ambon. May be conspecific with C. linchi; some authors place race natalis in C. linchi. Philippine birds commonly split off as a separate allospecies, C. marginata, largely on basis of grey rump. Much of variation appears to be clinal. Birds from Halmahera sometimes separated as race nubila, but this is best considered a synonym of spilura. Populations on Salayar I and in Tanimbar Is are not currently assigned to any given subspecies; birds from Palawan and Calauit, tentatively placed in marginata, may belong to an undescribed race. (source: Handbook of the Birds of World)
Distribution:
Subspecies and Distribution:
- *affinis Beavan, 1867 - Andaman and Nicobar Is. * elachyptera Oberholser, 1906 - Mergui Archipelago (Myanmar). * cyanoptila Oberholser, 1906 - Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and most of its satellites, and lowland Borneo. * vanderbilti Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1941 - Nias I (off W Sumatra). * oberholseri Stresemann, 1912 - Batu Is and Mentawai Is (off W Sumatra). * natalis Lister, 1889 - Christmas I (Indian Ocean). * septentrionalis Mayr, 1945 - Babuyan, Calayan and N Camiguin Is (N Philippines). * isonota Oberholser, 1906 - N Luzon (N Philippines). * marginata Salvadori, 1882 - C Luzon S to Palawan and Bohol (W & N Philippines). * bagobo Hachisuka, 1930 - Mindoro, Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago (S Philippines). * spilura G. R. Gray, 1866 - N Moluccas. * manadensis Salomonsen, 1983 - N Sulawesi to Sangihe and Talaud Is. * esculenta (Linnaeus, 1758) - C & S Sulawesi through Banggai and Sula Is to C & S Moluccas. * minuta Stresemann, 1925 - Tanahjampea I and Kalao I, in N Flores Sea. * sumbawae Stresemann, 1925 - Sumbawa, Sumba and Flores (W Lesser Sundas). * perneglecta Mayr, 1944 - Sawu, Alor, Wetar, Kisar, Romang and Damar (E Lesser Sundas). * neglecta G. R. Gray, 1866 - Dao, Roti, Semau and Timor (S Lesser Sundas). * amethystina Salomonsen, 1983 - Waigeo I (off NW New Guinea). * erwini Collin & Hartert, 1927 - W New Guinea, c. 1600 m and above. * numforensis Salomonsen, 1983 - Numfor I (in Geelvink Bay, W New Guinea). * nitens Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 - lowland New Guinea, occasionally to 2500 m, and satellite islands. * misimae Salomonsen, 1983 - Louisiade Archipelago. * stresemanni Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 - Admiralty Is (Manus, Rambutyo, Nauna, Los Negros). * kalili Salomonsen, 1983 - New Hanover, New Ireland and nearby Djaul I (C Bismarck Archipelago). * spilogaster Salomonsen, 1983 - Tabar Is (Tatau) and Lihir Group (NE Bismarck Archipelago). * hypogrammica Salomonsen, 1983 - Green Is including Nissan (E Bismarck Archipelago). * tametamele Stresemann, 1921 - New Britain and nearby Witu Is, and Bougainville I (NW Solomons). * becki Mayr, 1931 - C & NE Solomons (including Malaita). * makirensis Mayr, 1931 - San Cristobal I (SE Solomons). * desiderata Mayr, 1931 - Rennell I (S Solomons). * uropygialis G. R. Gray, 1866 - Santa Cruz Is and Vanuatu (including Torres Is and Banks Is). * albidior Salomonsen, 1983 - Loyalty Is and New Caledonia.
Trophic strategy:
Insectivorous
Taxonomic name: