Lonchura castaneothorax

General description: 

The Chestnut-breasted Mannikin is a thick-set brown finch with a grey crown, black face and a heavy grey bill. It has a chestnut brown breast divided from white underparts by a black bar. The rump and tail are golden orange, with a black undertail. Females are paler than males and young birds are uniformly olive-brown above, pale below with a brown-buff chest and no black face or chest bar. Like other finches, this species is a very social bird and is most often seen in flocks.

Conservation status: 

Not Threatened

Diagnostic description: 

The Chestnut-breasted Mannikin is a thick-set brown finch with a grey crown, black face and a heavy grey bill. It has a chestnut brown breast divided from white underparts by a black bar. The rump and tail are golden orange, with a black undertail. Females are paler than males and young birds are uniformly olive-brown above, pale below with a brown-buff chest and no black face or chest bar. Like other finches, this species is a very social bird and is most often seen in flocks.

Size: 

10-12 cm, 14 g

Phylogeny: 

Taxonomy: Amadina castaneothorax Gould, 1837, New South Wales, Australia. Often hybridizes with L. flaviprymna in NW Australia; in New Guinea sometimes interbreeds with L. caniceps. In captivity has hybridized with 25 estrildid species, mainly other members of genus. Proposed race assimilis, described from Eureka (Northern Territory), in N Australia, is synonymized with nominate. Five subspecies recognized. (source: Handbook of the Birds of World)

Distribution: 

Subspecies and Distribution:

    * uropygialis Stresemann & Paludan, 1934 - NW New Guinea (E side of Geelvink Bay). * hoschmai Junge, 1952 - W New Guinea (Wissel Lakes and R Araboe E into highlands). * sharpii ( Madarász, 1894) - N & NE New Guinea from Humboldt Bay area E, including Manam I, to Astrolabe Bay. * ramsayi Delacour, 1943 - SE New Guinea E from Bereina area (Gulf of Papua), also D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago. * castaneothorax ( Gould, 1837) - N Western Australia (from Derby and Kimberley) E to Melville I, Gulf of Carpenteria and N Queensland (Cape York Peninsula), thence S along coast to E New South Wales.
Habitat: 

It is found in reed beds, long grasses, swamps and mangroves.

Trophic strategy: 

Feeds on grass seeds, usually on the stalk rather than from the ground. It will also eat winged termites at the beginning of breeding season.

Reproduction: 

The Chestnut-breasted Mannikin nests in colonies, with the nests close together in grass clumps, sugar cane or reeds, less than 2 m from the ground. The rounded nest is made from green or dried grass blades and is lined with fine grasses. It lacks an entrance tunnel but the entrance may have a hood. Both parents build the nest, incubate the eggs and feed the young, but only the female stays in the nest overnight. Breeding season: Spring and autumn in south; with rains in north Clutch size: Four to six Incubation: 13 days Time in nest: 22 days

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith