Coracina melas

General description: 

Male nominate race is entirely black with puurplish gloss; iris dark brown; bill and legs black. Female is bright rufous-brown, darker on upperparts, with ear-coverts and cheeks even darker, streaked pale, lores black, pale ochraceous stripe over eye, duller brown upperwing-coverts and remiges. Juvenile undescribed; immature like female, and subadult male mottled black and rufous. Races differ mainly in overall shade and richness of colour of female plumage, especially undeparts: meeki is palest; goodsoni and waigeuensis are darkest, female of latter also has barring on flanks; tommasonis is brightest; botantae similar to waigeuensis but female apparently lacks barring.

Conservation status: 

Not Threatened

Diagnostic description: 

Male nominate race is entirely black with puurplish gloss; iris dark brown; bill and legs black. Female is bright rufous-brown, darker on upperparts, with ear-coverts and cheeks even darker, streaked pale, lores black, pale ochraceous stripe over eye, duller brown upperwing-coverts and remiges. Juvenile undescribed; immature like female, and subadult male mottled black and rufous. Races differ mainly in overall shade and richness of colour of female plumage, especially undeparts: meeki is palest; goodsoni and waigeuensis are darkest, female of latter also has barring on flanks; tommasonis is brightest; botantae similar to waigeuensis but female apparently lacks barring.

Size: 

23 cm; 567 – 63 g

Phylogeny: 

Taxonomy: Lanius melas Lesson, 1828, Dorey, north-west New Guinea. Race batantae often merged with nominate. Species name often incorrectly given as melaena, but original name is a transliterated Greek word and thus remains invariable. Six subspecies currently recognized. (source: Handbook of the Birds of World)

Distribution: 

Subspecies and Distribution:

    * waigeuensis (Stresemann & Paludan, 1932) - Waigeo I, off NW New Guinea. * batantae (Gyldenstolpe & Mayr, 1955) - Batanta I (W Papuan Is). * melas (Lesson, 1828) - Salawati I (W Papuan Is) and N & W New Guinea (E to Astrolabe Bay and, in S, to R Eilanden).
Habitat: 

Rainforest and monsoon forest; locally also gallery and mangrove forests; normally in forest interior, but visits edges and adjacent secondary growth, disturbed areas and teak (Tectona) plantations. Mainly lowlands to 750 m, locally to 1250 m.

Trophic strategy: 

Feeds mainly on adult and larval insects, including Lepidoptera larvae; also takse fruit. Usually in pairs or in parties of up to ten individuals, foraging quietly in subcanopy and in smaller branches of lower trees; also commonly joins mixed-species foraging flocks in middle storey. Active, moving quickly from perch to perch, gleaning from branches and leaves; occasionally sallies.

Taxonomic name: 
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith