Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890

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Amblyornis macgregoriae

General description:

26 cm; female 104–140 g, male 100–145 g. Brown with lighter head and under-parts; distinctive long red crest

Conservation status:

Not threatened. Common and widespread throughout range.

Trends:

Not threatened. Common and widespread throughout range.

Diagnostic description:

Brown with lighter head and under-parts; distinctive long red crest.

Size:

26 cm; female 104–140 g, male 100–145 g

Phylogeny:

Taxonomy: Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890, Musgrave Range, c. 2130-2740 m, south-east New Guinea. Has hybridized with A. subalaris. Race germana, bowers of at least some of which differ from those typical of species, possibly represents a separate species. Seven subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution: mayri E. J. O. Hartert, 1930 - W & C New Guinea (Weyland Mts E to W Hindenburg Mts). kombok Schodde & McKean, 1973 - E New Guinea probably from at least Strickland R (possibly from Hindenberg Range) E to Mt Hagen, Kubor Range, Bismarck Range and Kratke Range. lecroyae C. B. Frith & D. W. Frith, 1997 - Mt Bosavi, in EC New Guinea. amati T. K. Pratt, 1982 - Adelbert Mts, in NE New Guinea. germana Rothschild, 1910 - mountains of Huon Peninsula, in NE New Guinea. macgregoriae De Vis, 1890 - SE New Guinea from W Kukukuku and Herzog Range E to W Owen Stanley Range. nubicola Schodde & McKean, 1973 - E Owen Stanley Range (Mt Dayman and Mt Simpson massifs, and probably E from Mt Suckling), in extreme SE New Guinea. (source: Handbook of the Birds of World)

Distribution:

Endemic to mountains of eastern and central New Guinea; widespread on central cordillera, west to Weyland Mountains, Irian Jaya, and on the Adelbert Range, the Huon Peninsula, and Mount Bosavi. Occurs mostly at 1,600–2,300 m altitude. A. m. macgregoriae: W. Kukukuku and Herzog Range east to western Owen Stanley Range; A. m. mayri: Weyland Mountains, Irian Jaya, to eastern Star/western Hindenburg Mountains; Amblyornis m. lecroyae: Mount Bosavi; A. m. kombok: Kubor, Hagen, and Bismarck Ranges, probably west to at least Strickland River or Hindenberg Range and east to Kraetke Range; A. m. amati: Adelbert Mountains; A. m. germanus: Huon Peninsula; A. m. nubicola: Simpson-Dayman massifs, eastern Owen Stanley Range, probably west to Mount Suckling.

Habitat:

Primary tall mixed montane and Nothofagus rainforest.

Migration:

Sedentary

Trophic strategy:

Primarily frugivorous, taking fruits from numerous trees, shrubs, and vines. Also eats flower parts and insects.

Reproduction:

Polygynous, with promiscuous adult males and exclusively female nest attendance. Breeding season variable across the species range. Typically builds bulky open cup nest in pandanus tree crown 2–3 m above ground. Nest is composed of a sparse stick foundation, a leafy cup, and an eggcup lining of supple twiglets/rootlets. Lays a single, pale, unmarked, buff egg. One known incubation period was over 17 days. Nestling period unknown.

Risk statement:

Not threatened
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Amblyornis macgregoriae
General description:

MacGregor's Bowerbird

Other common names: Crested/Gardener/Mocha-breasted Bowerbird, Crested/MacGregor's Gardenerbird; Huon Bowerbird (germana)

Taxonomy: Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890, Musgrave Range, 7000-9000 ft [c. 2130-2740 m], south-east New Guinea.

Brown with lighter head and under-parts; distinctive long red crest.

Conservation status:

Not threatened

Trends:

Common and widespread throughout range.

Diagnostic description:

Amblyornis macgregoriae is a medium-sized, up to 26 cm long, olive brown bowerbird of New Guinea's mountain forests, roughly the size and shape of a robin. They are brown with lighter head and under-parts; distinctive long crest.The male is adorned with an erectile orange yellow crest, that is partly hidden until shown in courtship display. The unadorned female is similar to the male, but without the crest. Superb mimics, they are known for imitating other birds, pigs, rushing water, and even human speech.

Behaviour:

Traditional bower sites are regularly and linearly spaced along forested ridges. The maypole bower consists of a conical tower of sticks built about a sapling or tree fern trunk surrounded at its base by a circular moss mat raised at its circumference into an elevated rim. Bower may be used for 20 or more years. Decorations include insect frass, charcoal, fungus, tree resin, mammal dung, fruits, and leaves. Bowers maintained for nine to ten months annually, with peak display during August through December. Advertisement vocalizations include harsh tearing sounds, growls, thuddings, tappings, whistles, and much vocal mimicry including human-made sounds.

Size:

26 cm; female 104–140 g, male 100–145 g

Phylogeny:

Taxonomy: Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890, Musgrave Range, 2130-2740 m, south-east New Guinea. Has hybridized with A. subalaris. Race germana, bowers of at least some of which differ from those typical of species, possibly represents a separate species. Seven subspecies recognized.
Distribution:

Subspecies and Distribution:

mayri E. J. O. Hartert, 1930 - W & C New Guinea (Weyland Mts E to W Hindenburg Mts).

kombok Schodde & McKean, 1973 - E New Guinea probably from at least Strickland R (possibly from Hindenberg Range) E to Mt Hagen, Kubor Range, Bismarck Range and Kratke Range.

lecroyae C. B. Frith & D. W. Frith, 1997 - Mt Bosavi, in EC New Guinea.

amati T. K. Pratt, 1982 - Adelbert Mts, in NE New Guinea.

germana Rothschild, 1910 - mountains of Huon Peninsula, in NE New Guinea.

macgregoriae De Vis, 1890 - SE New Guinea from W Kukukuku and Herzog Range E to W Owen Stanley Range.

nubicola Schodde & McKean, 1973 - E Owen Stanley Range (Mt Dayman and Mt Simpson massifs, and probably E from Mt Suckling), inextreme SE New Guinea.
Habitat:

Primary tall mixed montane and Nothofagus rainforest.

Trophic strategy:

Primarily frugivorous, taking fruits from numerous trees, shrubs, and vines. Also eats flower parts and insects.

Reproduction:

Polygynous, with promiscuous adult males and exclusively female nest attendance. Breeding season variable across the species range. Typically builds bulky open cup nest in pandanus tree crown 6.6–10 ft (2–3 m) above ground. Nest is composed of a sparse stick foundation, a leafy cup, and an eggcup lining of supple twiglets/rootlets. Lays a single, pale, unmarked, buff egg. One known incubation period was over 17 days. Nestling period unknown.
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Population:

Population

The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be generally moderately common (Coates 1990).

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Source	http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/106005172

Primarily frugivorous, taking fruits from numerous trees, shrubs, and vines. Also eats flower parts and insects.

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Rights holder/Author	Katerina Tvardikova
Source	http://pngbirds.myspecies.info/node/108

Macgregor’s bowerbirds communicate through visual displays and cues in mating through courtship and the constructing of a bower by the males. They also use vocalizations in courtship signaling to the females. Males use body language through the counter movements around the central bower to communicate with the female on the other side.

Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic

Other Communication Modes: mimicry ; duets

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Rights holder/Author	©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
Source	http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amblyornis_macgregoriae/

MacGregor's bowerbird:

The MacGregor's bowerbird (Amblyornis macgregoriae) is a medium-sized, up to 26 cm long, olive brown bowerbird of New Guinea's mountain forests, roughly the size and shape of a robin. The male is adorned with an erectile orange yellow crest, that is partly hidden until shown in courtship display. The unadorned female is similar to the male, but without the crest. Superb mimics, they are known for imitating other birds, pigs, rushing water, and even human speech.

The polygamous male builds a tower-like "maypole-type" bower, with a central pole of twigs surrounded by a dish of moss with raised walls approximately 1 meter in diameter. He decorates the twigs of the maypole with flowers, fruits, insects and other objects. The diet consists mainly of fruits and insects. Bowerbirds are positioned roughly in the middle of the continuum of the "transfer effect" phenomenon observed among the different bowerbird species,^{[dubious – discuss]} whereby brilliant plumage evolves to more drab colors, while ornamentation is "transferred" to the behavior of creating elaborate bowers to demonstrate robust health instead.

When a female comes in proximity to the bower, the male struts and calls, and opens his crest to display its full color. Hiding the crest except during sexual display is thought to minimize his vulnerability to predators.

Widespread and common throughout its range, the MacGregor's bowerbird is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

References[edit]

^ BirdLife International (2012). "Amblyornis macgregoriae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	Wikipedia
Source	http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacGregor's_bowerbird&oldid=617423450

Traditional bower sites are regularly and linearly spaced along forested ridges. The maypole bower consists of a conical tower of sticks built about a sapling or tree fern trunk surrounded at its base by a circular moss mat raised at its circumference into an elevated rim. Bower may be used for 20 or more years. Decorations include insect frass, charcoal, fungus, tree resin, mammal dung, fruits, and leaves. Bowers maintained for nine to ten months annually, with peak display during August through December. Advertisement vocalizations include harsh tearing sounds, growls, thuddings, tappings, whistles, and much vocal mimicry including human-made sounds.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	Katerina Tvardikova
Source	http://pngbirds.myspecies.info/content/amblyornis-macgregoriae

Little is known about the Macgregor's bowerbird's life span.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
Source	http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amblyornis_macgregoriae/

MacGregor's Bowerbird:

The MacGregor's Bowerbird (Amblyornis macgregoriae) is a medium-sized, up to 26 cm long, olive brown bowerbird of New Guinea's mountain forests, roughly the size and shape of a robin. The male is adorned with an erectile orange yellow crest, that is partly hidden until shown in courtship display. The unadorned female is similar to the male, but without the crest. Superb mimics, they are known for imitating other birds, pigs, rushing water, and even human speech.

Widespread and common throughout its range, the MacGregor's Bowerbird is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

References

^ BirdLife International (2012). "Amblyornis macgregoriae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 16 July 2012.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	Wikipedia
Source	http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacGregor's_Bowerbird&oldid=551592185

Traditional bower sites are regularly and linearly spaced along forested ridges. The maypole bower consists of a conical tower of sticks built about a sapling or tree fern trunk surrounded at its base by a circular moss mat raised at its circumference into an elevated rim. Bower may be used for 20 or more years. Decorations include insect, grass, charcoal, fungus, tree resin, mammal dung, fruits, and leaves. Bowers maintained for nine to ten months annually, with peak display during August through December. Advertisement vocalizations include harsh tearing sounds, growls, thuddings, tappings, whistles, and much vocal mimicry including human-made sounds.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	Katerina Tvardikova
Source	http://pngbirds.myspecies.info/content/amblyornis-macgregoriae-0

Reproduction:

Bowers are essential to males in mating interactions with females. Male Macgregor’s bowerbirds will not attract a mate without an elaborate and complete bower. The more time and effort the male spends on the bower potentially increases the reproductive success of the male. Macgregor’s bowerbirds are polygamous. The female inspects the male’s bower and if she likes it, she expresses female-choice and mates with the male. After mating, the female leaves the bower and builds her own nest out of plant material and lays one or two eggs. The male continues to work on his bower and attempts to attract as many females as he can.

Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)

Male Macgregor's bowerbirds build structures out of sticks called a bower. The female approaches this bower and chooses whether or not she wants to mate with the male who built it. As the female inspects the bower, the male dances and shows off his bright colors. The more intricate bower and the longest dancing male is usually the female's choice, because it represents the fitness of the male. When the female chooses a male, she allows him to copulate. Once copulation has finished, she builds her own nest and parents the offspring alone. The male continues to work on his bower and mate with other females.

Breeding interval: The frequency of mating is unknown.

Breeding season: Macgregor's bowerbirds breed between September and February.

Average eggs per season: 1 to 2.

Range time to hatching: 19 to 24 days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

After mating, the female builds her own nest close to the male's bower/territory. The female has access to provisions (fruit) on male's territory. Females raise eggs and young on her own.

Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

Diamond, J. 1986. Biology of Birds of Paradise and Bowerbirds. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 17: 17-37.
Pruett-Jones, M., S. Pruett-Jones. 1985. Food Caching in the Tropical Frugivore, Macgregor's Bowerbird (Amblyornis macgregoriae). The Auk, 102: 334-341.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
Source	http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Amblyornis_macgregoriae/

MacGregor's Bowerbird

Other common names: Crested/Gardener/Mocha-breasted Bowerbird, Crested/MacGregor's Gardenerbird; Huon Bowerbird (germana)

Taxonomy: Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890, Musgrave Range, 7000-9000 ft [c. 2130-2740 m], south-east New Guinea.

Brown with lighter head and under-parts; distinctive long red crest.

License	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author	Katerina Tvardikova
Source	http://pngbirds.myspecies.info/content/amblyornis-macgregoriae

New Guinea Birds

Species

Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis, 1890

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