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Species
Mino
EOL Text
Gracula religiosa (otherwise known as the Common Hill Myna, Common Grackle, or the Talking Myna) is native to eastern India, southern China, Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Phillippines. This species however has been introduced and successfully established in other areas, particularily Florida, Hawaii, Japan, and Puerto Rico (Feare, 1999).
Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Gracula_religiosa/ |
"The Pahari- or Hill-Myna, as this bird is popularly known, inhabits heavily forested hill tracts. In its southwestern range, cardamon and coffee plantations with their lofty natural evergreen shade trees form an ideal habitat for this species. Pairs, or flocks of upto 20 are commonly met with feeding on ripe figs of the various Fici and other fruits, in company with hornbills, green pigeons and other frugivorous birds. The nectar of Coral, Silk Cotton and Silver Oak (Grevillea) flowers is also largely eaten and the birds do considerable service as pollinating agents. The forest resounds with their loud, sharp, creaky, shrieks, and in flight their wings produce the same whirring sound as green pigeons. This Myna is much prized as a cage bird. It is a mimic of exceptional merit, becomes very tame, and soon learns to reproduce the human voice and speech with astonishing clarity."
This species occurs Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India, east and north-east India east to southern China, and south through south-east Asia to Palawan (Philippines), Borneo, and Flores (Indonesia). There are also introduced populations in several places, including Puerto Rico (to USA). The introduced population on Christmas Island (to Australia) has died out.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22710993 |
The breeding season for the Hill myna varies slightly depending on range, but most breed in April-July. A monogamous pair searches for a small hole in a tree at the forest edge. Both sexes fill the hole with twigs, leaves, and feathers (Feare, 1999) and the female produces ~2 eggs that are blue with brownish spottings. The female spends more time incubating than the male, however, both parents tend the young equally when they hatch. The young fledge after a month and soon after the parents begin a new clutch. The Hill myna averages 2-3 broods annually (Anonymous, 2000).
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Gracula_religiosa/ |
印度至中国、东南亚、巴拉望岛及大巽他群岛。
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | 约翰.马敬能 卡伦.菲利普斯 何芬奇,2000, EOL China Regional Center |
Source | No source database. |
"The season is from March to October. The nest — a collection of grass, leaves, feathers, etc. —is placed in natural hollows 30 to 40 ft. from the ground, in the boles of lofty trees, often standing isolated in a forest clearing. The eggs —2 or 3 — are a beautiful deep-blue, sparsely spotted and blotched with reddish-brown or chocolate."
云南,海南
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | The Biodiversity Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011, EOL China Regional Center |
Source | No source database. |
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 3 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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亚种intermedia为留鸟,见于西藏东南部、南方包括海南岛的热带低地。地区性常见,但因被捕捉为笼鸟而数量大为减少。
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | 约翰.马敬能 卡伦.菲利普斯 何芬奇,2000, EOL China Regional Center |
Source | No source database. |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1