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Species
Saxicola
EOL Text
Depth range based on 2 specimens in 4 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 0
Temperature range (°C): 9.429 - 9.641
Nitrate (umol/L): 2.892 - 3.361
Salinity (PPS): 34.214 - 35.002
Oxygen (ml/l): 6.396 - 6.535
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.350 - 0.395
Silicate (umol/l): 2.114 - 2.354
Graphical representation
Temperature range (°C): 9.429 - 9.641
Nitrate (umol/L): 2.892 - 3.361
Salinity (PPS): 34.214 - 35.002
Oxygen (ml/l): 6.396 - 6.535
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.350 - 0.395
Silicate (umol/l): 2.114 - 2.354
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
License | |
Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=817409 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records: | 99 | Public Records: | 34 |
Specimens with Sequences: | 84 | Public Species: | 8 |
Specimens with Barcodes: | 84 | Public BINs: | 9 |
Species: | 9 | ||
Species With Barcodes: | 9 | ||
Collection Sites: world map showing specimen collection locations for Saxicola
Saxicola (Latin: saxum, rock + incola, dwelling in), the stonechats or chats, is a genus of 15 species of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. They are insectivores occurring in open scrubland and grassland with scattered small shrubs.
Contents
Species[edit]
The following species are currently accepted in Saxicola:[1]
- Whinchat Saxicola rubetra
- White-browed bush chat or Stoliczka's bushchat Saxicola macrorhynchus
- White-throated bush chat or Hodgson's bushchat Saxicola insignis
- Canary Islands stonechat or Fuerteventura chat Saxicola dacotiae
- European stonechat Saxicola rubicola
- Siberian stonechat Saxicola maurus
- Stejneger's stonechat Saxicola stejnegeri
- African stonechat Saxicola torquatus
- Madagascan stonechat Saxicola sibilla
- Reunion stonechat Saxicola tectes
- White-tailed stonechat Saxicola leucurus
- Pied bush chat or pied bushchat Saxicola caprata
- Jerdon's bush chat or Saxicola jerdoni
- Grey bush chat Saxicola ferreus
- White-bellied bush chat Saxicola gutturalis
Species status possible,[2] but not yet verified:
- Ethiopian stonechat Saxicola (torquatus) albofasciatus
Formerly included in Saxicola, but now treated in a separate genus:[1][3]
- Buff-streaked chat Campicoloides bifasciatus (syn. Oenanthe bifasciata, Saxicola bifasciatus)
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae, but as with several other related genera, has now been shown to be correctly classified in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae, in which it is most closely related to the genera Oenanthe (wheatears) and Campicoloides.[3][4]
Genetic and behavioural evidence has also resulted in several new species being accepted in the genus in recent years, most notably the splitting of the former broad "species" common stonechat Saxicola torquatus into five species, a change now widely though not yet universally accepted. With addition of mtDNA cytochrome b sequence and nDNA fingerprinting data, it was confirmed that not only the Fuerteventura and Réunion stonechats are distinct species, but that in addition, the African, Madagascan, European, Siberian and Stejneger's stonechats are also all separate species.[2][5][6][7] Due to confusion of subspecies allocation, the name S. torquatus was briefly used for the European species, with the African stonechat being incorrectly listed as S. axillaris.[5]
Owing to misunderstandings of Latin grammar, several species have in the past been widely but incorrectly cited with feminine name endings ("S. torquata, S. maura, S. leucura, S. ferrea", etc.).[8]
Fossil record[edit]
Saxicola lambrechti (Late Miocenee of Polgardi, Hungary) [9]
Saxicola baranensis (Plioceme of Beremend, Hungary) [10]
Saxicola parva (Plioceme of Csarnota, Hungary) [11]
Saxicola magna (Plioceme of Beremend, Hungary) [12]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saxicola. |
- ^ a b IOC World Bird List Family Muscicapidae
- ^ a b Urquhart, E., & Bowley, A. (2002). Stonechats. A Guide to the Genus Saxicola. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6024-4.
- ^ a b Hoyo, J. del, et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 786. ISBN 84-87334-72-5.
- ^ Sangster, G., Alström, P., Forsmark, E., & Olsson, U. (2010). Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 380–392 Full text
- ^ a b Wink, M.; Sauer-Gürth, H., & Gwinner, E. (2002). Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting. British Birds 95: 349-355. PDF fulltext
- ^ Woog, F., Wink, M., Rastegar-Pouyani, E., Gonzalez, J., & Helm, B. (2008). Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA. J. Ornithol. 149: 423–430. Full text
- ^ Zink, R.M., Pavlova, A., Drovetski, S. V., Wink, M., & Rohwer, S. (2009). Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Saxicola torquata complex. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 52: 769-773. Abstract.
- ^ David, N. & Gosselin, M. (2002). The grammatical gender of avian genera. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 122: 257-282.
- ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
- ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
- ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
- ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saxicola&oldid=617606698 |